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Source document

"Golden visas": la adquisición de permisos de residencia por inversión en España. Principales riesgos, desafíos y recomendaciones

Transparency International España · Daiana Bouzo; David Martínez · Non-profit · Dec 2023 · Spain

Original

We keep a copy for checking but can’t share it here (its terms don’t allow it, or it isn’t published yet). Use the original or archived link.

Has everything in it been taken?

CompleteReviewed 10 Oct 2026

Reviewed. Everything in it that belongs in the tables has been taken.

What the document holds

TI-España policy paper (Dec 2023, 31 pp.): Ley 14/2013 rules; MAEC FOI data on investor visas 2013 - 18 Sep 2023 (total, top 11 nationalities, real-estate shares, peak year 2021); Ministry of Inclusion FOI data on investor authorisations 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Mar 2022 (initial, renewed, administrative silence by nationality, Russian investment total); EU-wide and TI-2018 figures; UK Tier 1 and Portugal context; 2023 bill. Out of scope: 51,829/47,262/99,091 authorisations and their nationality top-5 lists, which cover all Ley 14/2013 categories (entrepreneurs, highly qualified, researchers...), not only investors; the 18,000 Chinese officials figure (not programme-specific). Note the paper gives the initial authorisation as 2 years (p. 9) and 3 years (p. 14); both kept.

What it supports

51 rows on this site come from this document. Each one opens with the page and the exact words.

35 numbers13 rules3 events

Numbers (35)

Rules and prices (13)

2 more rows from this document are in the source data but not on this site: numbers we would have had to work out ourselves, figures a later correction replaced, or programmes outside these datasets.

About the document

What it covers Figures obtained through freedom-of-information requests: Foreign Ministry investor visas 2013 - 18 Sep 2023 by nationality; Ministry of Inclusion investor authorisations 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Mar 2022 (initial/renewal, tacit approvals), Russian investment.

Notes NGO policy paper, not stored (link only). The underlying ministry replies are not published with it; figures are TI-España's summary of them. Date from PDF metadata (Dec 2023).

Source id esp-ti-golden-visas-2023 · accessed 10 Oct 2026