Citizenship by Investment (CBI) and Residency by Investment (RBI) schemes in the EU: State of play, issues and impacts (PE 627.128) (European Parliamentary Research Service (Ex-Post Evaluation Unit and European Added Value Unit), 2018)

Has everything in it been taken?

CompleteReviewed 10 Oct 2026

Reviewed. Everything in it that belongs in the tables has been taken.

What the document holds

EPRS study PE 627.128 (2018), "Citizenship by investment (CBI) and residency by investment (RBI) schemes in the EU": programme overview, permits and naturalisations, investment estimates, Table 1 shares of first residence permits, Table 4 net inflows as % of GDP (recorded earlier, 32 rows). Table 4 values printed without decimal separators (Ireland 52 41 and 0 02 %, Malta 64 73, Portugal 640 41) now recorded with the decimal place inferred (unit_basis guessed, notes explain). The GDP column is general macroeconomic data, out of scope; "No data available" cells are not zeros. The indicators earlier proposed for this document (programme_share_of_grants, cbi_inflows_pct_fdi, processing_time) have since been accepted.

What it supports

84 rows on this site come from this document. Each one opens with the page and the exact words.

Citizenship by investment

18 numbers 9 rules 1 event

Other documents give different figures in 1 case involving this one. Both are kept.

Numbers (18)

Rules and prices (9)

Timeline (1)

European Parliament study on golden passports and visasOct 2018ContextSeveral countries: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Portugal

Residence by investment

17 numbers 37 rules 2 events

Other documents give different figures in 2 cases involving this one. Both are kept.

Numbers (17)

Rules and prices (37)

Timeline (2)

1 more row from this document is in the source data but not on this site: numbers we would have had to work out ourselves, figures a later correction replaced, or programmes outside these datasets.

About the document

What it covers Study for the TAX3 committee on CBI/RBI in BG, CY, EE, IE, IT, LV, MT, PT: naturalisations, permits, investment totals, inflows as % of GDP, property-market effects.

Notes Figures are the authors' compilation from national sources, press and other studies (recorded as reported or estimate). In Table 4 the decimal separators of several amounts are missing in the printed PDF (e.g. "64 73"), so those amounts were not recorded.

Source id intl-eprs-cbi-rbi-2018 · accessed 2 Oct 2026