Source document
Residence/Citizenship by investment schemes (list of potentially high-risk CBI/RBI schemes)
Has everything in it been taken?
CompleteReviewed 8 Oct 2026
Reviewed. Everything in it that belongs in the tables has been taken.
What the document holds
OECD CRS web page 'Residence/Citizenship by investment schemes', version last updated 22 October 2018: list of 30 potentially high-risk CBI/RBI schemes in 21 jurisdictions, criteria (personal income tax rate under 10% on offshore financial assets and no physical presence of at least 90 days) and FAQ for financial institutions; says over 100 schemes were analysed. Every listed scheme and the criteria are already events. No programme statistics.
What it supports
25 rows on this site come from this document. Each one opens with the page and the exact words.
Citizenship by investment
Timeline (12)
- UAE on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextUAE
- Tax body lists an Antigua and Barbuda permanent residence scheme as high-risk22 Oct 2018ContextAntigua and Barbuda
- Antigua and Barbuda on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextAntigua and Barbuda · Citizenship by investment programme
- Cyprus (citizenship) on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextCyprus · Citizenship by investment programme
- Dominica on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextDominica · Citizenship by investment programme
- Grenada on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextGrenada · Citizenship by investment programme
- St Kitts and Nevis on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextSt Kitts and Nevis · Citizenship by investment programme
- Saint Lucia on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextSt Lucia · Citizenship by investment programme
- Malta (citizenship) on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextMalta · Individual Investor Programme
- Seychelles on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextSeychelles
- Vanuatu on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextVanuatu · Development Support Program
- Global tax body flags citizenship-sale programmes as high riskOct 2018Rule changeSeveral countries: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Cyprus, Dominica, Grenada, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Qatar, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, UAE, Vanuatu
Residence by investment
Programmes (1)
Timeline (12)
- UAE on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextUAE
- Bahrain on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextBahrain
- Tax body lists Bahamas permanent residence as potentially high-risk22 Oct 2018ContextThe Bahamas · Economic permanent residence
- Tax body lists Barbados residence permit as potentially high-risk22 Oct 2018ContextBarbados · Special Entry and Reside Permit
- Cyprus (residence) on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextCyprus · Golden visa (permanent residence)
- Malta (residence) on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextMalta · Residence and Visa Programme
- Malaysia on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextMalaysia · My Second Home (MM2H)
- Panama on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextPanama
- Qatar on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextQatar · Residency for property owners
- Seychelles on the OECD tax-reporting risk list22 Oct 2018ContextSeychelles
- Tax body lists three Turks and Caicos routes as high-risk22 Oct 2018ContextTurks and Caicos Islands · Permanent residence by investment
- Global tax body flags citizenship-sale programmes as high riskOct 2018Rule changeSeveral countries: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Cyprus, Dominica, Grenada, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Qatar, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, UAE, Vanuatu
About the document
What it covers OECD list of CBI/RBI schemes that potentially pose a high risk to the Common Reporting Standard, and the criteria.
Notes oecd.org blocks scripted access; raw/ holds the Wayback Machine capture of 27 Oct 2018. The page says "Last updated: 22 October 2018"; the EC 2019 report dates the OECD conclusions 16 October 2018.
Source id intl-oecd-cbi-rbi-2018 · accessed 28 Sep 2026